Which test is used to assess the risk of early onset emphysema?

The Alpha 1 Antitrypsin test is used to assess the levels of this protein in the blood, which plays a crucial role in protecting the lungs from damage caused by enzymes released by white blood cells during inflammation. A deficiency of Alpha 1 Antitrypsin can lead to early onset emphysema, as the unopposed activity of these enzymes can cause significant lung tissue damage. In individuals with low levels of this protein, the risk of developing emphysema at an earlier age increases significantly, as there is insufficient protection against lung damage. This makes the Alpha 1 Antitrypsin test essential in identifying individuals at risk and facilitating early intervention or management strategies.