What does the ANA test screen for?

The ANA test, or Antinuclear Antibody test, is primarily utilized to screen for autoimmune disorders. In this context, the test detects the presence of antinuclear antibodies in the blood, which are produced by the immune system when it mistakenly attacks the body's own cells. A positive result for ANA can indicate various autoimmune conditions, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and scleroderma.

Autoimmune disorders can cause a range of symptoms and can affect multiple body systems, so the ANA test serves as an essential tool in diagnosing these conditions early, allowing for timely management and treatment. This is why the correct answer focuses specifically on the role of the ANA test in the screening of autoimmune pathologies.